Saturday, February 18, 2017

ASOIAF: Why was Satin recruited to the Night's Watch?


We are never told his crime. WE know his background, that he was raised in a brothel in Oldtown in the Reach, yet apparently was picked up and sent to the Wall from Gulltown in the Vale.
This may be a mistake, a continuity error of sorts, on GRRM’s part, or he may have a detailed back story.
Some people theorize that he is Littlefinger’s spy; and that the fourth knife in the back from the unseen assailant in A Dance with Dragons is his. And, that, when Melisandre warns him against people he thinks are his friends but aren’t, she is talking about Satin. The evidence being that Gulltown is in the Vale of Arryn, where Littlefinger started his career and that Littlefinger owns brothels.
But then that doesn’t add up, since Bowen Marsh speaks against him so stridently. 
And, anyway,  I’m not certain if Littlefinger is all that concerned with Jon Snow, who is, until his unexpected acsension to Lord Commander of the Night’s Watch, pretty low down on the totem pole of Westerosi politics -- Satin arrived at the end of the first book...could Littlefinger have gleaned some information from Alliser Thorne when Tyrion kept him waiting for days that caused him to be interested in Jon Snow?? But no,  the timeline seems all wrong....
In my opinion, he is no more than he seems: a boy whore sent to the Wall for a crime unknown. Not a spy. Not a conspirator. And certainly NOT Jon’s lover. Genuinely loyal to Jon.

Written December 27, 2016

ASOIAF/GOT: If Edmure had crowned himself King of the Trident, would it have prevented the Red Wedding?

Walder Frey took it as a slight that one of his girls was going to wed a Lord instead of a King. What if Edmure was crowned the King of the Trident and acknowledged by Robb - The King in the North and Trident at that point?I
I don’t think so. Revenge was secondary for Frey. The Red Wedding was about survival.
The misconception is that Walder Frey’s primary motivation was revenge at Robb’s breaking of his political word.
But the main reason he went with the Red Wedding was that Robb’s days seemed numbered. Mainly because he had lost the North to the Ironborn. Feudal society is basically a racket based around protection. You give a lord money and the lord protects you against invasion. That’s basic.
Robb didn’t do that.
The North was crumbling from the twin attacks fo the Ironborn and the (kind of unknown) duplicity of the Boltons.
  • A large second army had been wiped out at Winterfell.
  • Several lords had been murdered by the ironborn or the Boltons.
  • Moat Cailin, the gateway to the North was in the hands of enemies.
  • Deepwood Motte, ditto.
  • Winterfell itself had fallen and his own brothers had been murdered by Theon Greyjoy (according to what anybody knew.)
Furthermore…
The Lannisters had just won an amazing, against-all-odds victory in King’s Landing, forging an incredible alliance with the Tyrell’s who had an army of 100 000.
Robb’s days of power in the Riverlands were numbered and Walder Frey (and others) knew it.
To apply a modern real-world correlation to it:
It’s really no different from Ted Cruz or Mitt Romney abasing themselves to Trump post-election.


Why are European McDonalds so stingy with ketchup?

In the US, you generally get as much as you want. I might use 4 packets for a large order of fries. In Europe, I'm usually offered one, and if I ask for more, often they'll hand me only one more (and sometimes for a fee).
Do Europeans really manage to ration one packet across a large order of fries?

While ketchup with fries is a fairly common combination in Europe, it is not de rigueur as it is in the USA. And you have to order it separately. When Europeans eat fries with ketchup, they tend to use more than one packet, of course.
And you may not have noticed, but they charge for ketchup in Europe too, but this is not common — unheard of, really — in American fast food joints and restaurants.
Cultural difference. In Europe, you pay extra for condiments; in America they are complimentary.*
Of course, you are paying for it the USA, too, just not directly. And everyone shares the cost whether they are using it or not. Here you only pay if you get it. But the price seems pretty significant when you consider the price per bottle.
It’s just the way things are done.
I also notice that McDonald’s has its own brand of ketchup in Europe; while in the USA I always remember getting Heinz packets. McDonald’s European ketchup is considerably sweeter, it seems to me.
Perhaps someday, ketchup will be free at restaurants all over the globe, but for now that remains an imposible dream attainable only in the US of A.
*Edit: Through helpful comments, I have learned, thatin some countries in Europe,condiments (especially ketchup) are free.
In the country I live in, you get charged about 20 US cents for a packet of ketchup, which hardly seems fair. I demand the EU ensure free and equal treatment (as regards ketchup) in all EU states!

What do you make of President Trump's impromptu Press Conference on February 16th, 2017?


Mission accomplished for Trump. Once again, he has managed to reiterate some of his core messages:
  • the world, government, the economy and America is a shit-hole
  • it’s all Obama’s fault
  • it’s all Clinton’s fault
  • I won the election with more votes than any one ever
  • Only I can save the world
  • saving the world is hard, stressful work
  • What Flynn did may have been illegal, but that is bullshit anyway: it was the smart thing to do
  • the media hates me and everything they say about me is a lie
  • the illegality of leaks automatically disqualifies them from being seriously considered as Truth
Yes, it was a president “on the ropes”, playing vicious defense. But it showed that he is not going to back down.
The fact that he did so in such a way as to annoy all of us who don’t support him…and I am annoyed --does ever come to a point? Does he ever say anything of subtance, beyond his core messages, which have hardly changed since last summer? Well, who cares? Not him.,His messages got through and the basic stock of his base will repeat him on memes all over Facebook. He just needs to keep their support and he is free to do whatever he wants.
He is literally creating two different America: an America that literally sees rain on the 20th of January…and an America who literally sees sunny skies.
We can talk until we’re blue in the face about his bad English. It doesn’t matter to the people who keep him in power.
When they are throwing us in the camps, are we still going to be patting each other on the back, self-assured that his obvious malapropisms/idiocy/lunacy/gracelessness will bring him down in the end?


Written February 17th, 2017

Wednesday, February 8, 2017

How long will it be before foreigners start using CZECHIA, instead of the Czech Republic?

I suppose in ten years, relevant sports broadcasts, newspaper and other media organizations will begin using Czechia instead of the Czech Republic, probably under intense pressure from a very vociferous lobby of Czech translators — if only to shut them up about the matter.
However they will almost certainly pronounce it Čečia, because the political powers that be have failed to take into consideration the usual rules of pronunciation in English. And let’s face it: your average Anglo-Saxon is not a linguist.
This will, of course, annoy all Czechs, who will marvel at the collective ignorance of the Anglo-sphere. Newspapers like Mlada fronta dnes will report widely on the issue. Teeth will gnash.
Of course as matters stand now, in many parts of the world people still refer to this part of the world as “Czechoslovakia.” The Czechs themselves unwittingly encourage that as Czechs and Slovaks tend to band together and form Czechoslovakian sports clubs, hold Czechoslovakian beauty pageants and attend Czechoslovakian pubs with other expats abroad.
Even some people in neighboring countries don’t seem to have got the news of the Velvet Divorce, known less popularly and more prosaicly as the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

Some background information:
Of course, the word Czechia has existed in English for decades, perhaps longer, in theory but for some reason it has never caught on, probably because of the horrible way it sounds to English ears.
Which is why it is usually referred to as the Czech Republic.
Nevertheless, the Czech (Czechian?) parliament, wishing to take a break from clandestinely slurping up the slop of EU funds earmarked for construction projects, have pushed really hard for the adoption of the word Czechia by EVERYBODY ELSE IN THE WORLD and requested that various organizations, such as the UN, hereby refer to the Czech Republic as Czechia. A suggestion of course, although some Czech translators seem to think it should be a requirement. (One wonders what penalty the Czech government would inflict on a hypothetical Indiana farm boy uttering the taboo phrase ‘The Czech Republic" but no matter. I know all too well how difficult matters of international law can be to parse.)
I am sure the UN, ever too polite to say what they really think, has complied with the Czechian parliament’s request. Though I must confess I don’t care enough about the matter to have really investigated the matter.
The Czech Republic’s current president, the King of the Goblins, Miloš Zeman, speaking between shots of slivovice, has also strongly mumbled his support for the awful sounding name.
pictured above: Czechian president Miloš Zeman
Similarly, Google maps has also changed the name of the country on the map, and it is reasonable to assume that many maps printed in the future will follow suit.
Of course few people will ever see these maps, but it’s a start.
This has caused considerable — and apparently endless — debate and controversy among the Czech - English translation community*, with the majority of native English speaking translators coming hard down on the side of “It sounds bloody awful, as if I were retching the contents of my bowels into a toilet bowl”; while most native Czech speaking translators strongly stand on the “Czechia — it’s what’s for breakfast!” side.
As an English speaker, of course, I fall on the side of the former. And continue to use “the Czech Republic”, which, while admittedly imperfect, does not rake at my all-too-dainty ears the way “Czechia” does.
It goes without saying that,  living in a free country, I am free to use whatever word in my own language that I want. Exceptions might be made when translating, doubtless:  someone using “Cesko” to refer to this country should correctly be translated as "Czechia” — I am willing to grit my teeth and go along along with that, wincing and moaning all the way. That’s why products like Tums were invented, after all.
Yet, that does not stop me from getting hordes of unwelcome private messages on Quora.com urging me to use the word, which I hereby promise I will do as soon as it stops sounding horrible to my ears. I also pledge not to be so rude as to request the other side not use their preferred word, the putrid sounding Czechia.
Hopefully anybody reading this will see the above statement as a sort of contract. A deal if you will: You use your word; we’ll use ours.
Perhaps familiarity will eventually make the sound of Czechia acceptable to my ears. It probably will.
Meanwhile, the majority of ordinary Czechs who have brought up the subject to me — I never bring the subject up, personally — seem to either dislike the sound of Czechia (while agreeing with me that the sound of "Bohemia” or just “Czesko” is preferable); or they just don’t care about the issue whatsoever.
In the words of my girlfriend, court-appointed translator Jana Š—————ova:
Why on earth would anybody care about this issue? What does it matter?
And lest you think from the above words that Jana is some sort of cigarette smoking black-turtlenecked existentialist, a la Jean-Paul Sartre, let me assure you: she is not. She likes picking wild bilberries and skiing as much as the next Czech.
pictured above: not my girlfriend
I expect the vast majority of English speakers to start using Czechia around the time they stop using Czechoslovakia.
Anyway, to reiterate, how long until people referring to the country all join the chanting pro-Czechia brigade? At a guess, I will say ten years. A new generation will eventually rise, after all, a generation that neither remembers Czechoslovakia or the Czech Republic.
And Czechia will have found its place at last.
*A small community, really, but very vocal about this issue.

What are some culture shocks foreigners experience in Central Europe?

have been living in Central Europe for 13 and a half years so I really have to reach back a little to remember some of the things that gave me a bit of culture shock when I first got here. I have written about this on Quora before but since then I have thought of a few more things.
  • No shoes in the house — where I come from in the Midwest of the USA, we generally leave our shoes on in the house, especially when we are visiting. (I have been told that this is not the case for all places in the USA, but I have never lived in a place where it wasn’t the norm.)

     In Central Europe(as in much of the world) visitors always take off their shoes on a visit as a matter of course. The benefit of this is much, much cleaner floors. When I think of the stains that would accumulate on my parents’ carpets, the practicality of taking off shoes becomes crystal clear.

    Now this may not seem like a big thing but I was irrationally horrified at this custom. I was really afraid of foot odor. I even asked people: "Aren’t you afraid that…you know…your feet might…stink?”

    They tittered a bit. 'Well, sometimes it happens, and you just pretend you don’t smell it.’

    Eventually I got in the habit. And that’s when I realized that taking your shoes off regularly actually cuts down on foot odor. I used to have a problem back in the States. No longer.
  • A relaxed attitude toward alcohol consumption.
  • Ill never forget it: waiting at the bus station to catch a bus. January, 2004. Snow falling thick. Dim blue morning light of 7.00. And a group of young people standing around sharing shots of slivovice, the local pungent home-made plum brandy/airplane propellant which is at least 52 percent alcohol.

    Or going for bike ride with my colleagues at work one fine autumn morning when the sweetly smiling brown-eyed beauty who would become the mother of my son offering me a swig from her bottle to fuel the journey.

    “We never drink this early in America!” I told her.

    “That’s OK. We are not in America.”

    I drank.

    This extends to children’s parties. I think mileages may vary but even drinking a single beer at a children’s birthday party, say, would be frowned upon where I come from. Here beer is just another choice for the adults. Alongside wine, Coke, Kofola(a local cola-like drink), sparkling water…

    The catch is, no one really gets that drunk. A beer or two might be downed, but it’s not like everyone gets shit-faced and embarassing. There is a line between drinking a glass of beer or wine every day(which most everyone I know does) and being an alcoholic. Most people don’t cross that line.
  • Easter. Talk about a shock. Where I was a kid in St. Louis, on Easter Sunday, the Easter bunny would come and brings the children easter baskets of jellybeans, marshmallow chicks and hide a couple dozen boiled eggs around the house which we would joyously hunt for upon waking. Then we’d dress in new dress clothes and be forced to go to church where we would have to endure two hours of interminable Easter service.

    Eggs, an obvious symbol of fertility, are a part of the Easter festival here, too. But everything else was terrifyingly different.

    Here, children dye eggs, more or less the same way as they are done in the states(though in our house, we use home-made dye, a concoction involviing boiled onion skins).

     But on Easter, which is celebrated on Monday(and it’s a public holiday, as is Good Friday), the men journey forth and visit the homes of girls they know. They carry with them pomlozka’s…
Sometimes you have to improvise a little, as I did last year, using a wooden cooking spoon wiht a ribbon wrapped around it. No one minds.
Traditionally, the boys take these switches and beat or whip the girls with it while reciting some ancient rhyme:
Hody hody, doprovody,
Dejte vejce malovaný,
Nedáte-li malovaný,
Dejte aspoň bílý,
Slepička vám snese jiný….
(feed me, feed me, escort*,
Give me painted egs.
If you can’’t give me dyed eggs,
At least give me a white one.
The chicken can always give you another one...)
(*very difficult to translate this first line, actually)
Obviously this is no more than an ancient fertility ritual. The idea is that through the ritual, the woman will renew her fertility for the years.
In villages, this can get pretty intense. I know men from nearby village who set off to visit every house in the village at MIDNIGHT. AS they visit, they are given eggs and chocolate and assorted eats — and of course, an obligatory shot of slivovice. As they ramble through town they get progressively drunker and the beatings get progressively more enthusiastic. In some places, the humiliations can get even more severe. I have heard tales of men filling a bathtub and throwing the woman of their choice, clothes and all, into the bathtub. Or even taking them to a local river and dunking them. This still goes on in some villages.
IN America, we call this assault.
Still, for the most part in bigger cities it is pretty tame. The ‘beatings’ amount to no more than a few perfunctory swats. I’m used to it now and accept it.
I do not participate in this. I would like to, but I simply can’t do it in the spirit of innocent fun it’s intended. I do take my son around to do it(that’s him in the picture above) because, after all, he is half-Czech and I don’t want him to not participate in something that is absolutely normal here. But I told him that he must ‘hit’the girls very, very, gently and never hurt them —and he is gentle. And they appreciate it.
  • Christmas. Christmas in the Czech Republic has a number of really interesting traditions. There is no Santa Claus (St. Nicholas shows up on December 6th); the presents are brought on the 24th by Ježišek or Baby Jesus. Which may explain the high level of atheism in the Czech Republic, now that I think of it.

     But anyway, none of this is particular shocking. What is, is the Christmas dinner, which, traditionally, is carp and potato salad.

    Now eating potato salad on a cold winter’s night is strange enough and eating carp at any time is even stranger.

    But they buy these carp live. They are sold in these huge vats.

    Brought home. And put in the bathtub for a few days. Alive. When the time comes, the man of the house, takes his trusty hammer, bashes out their brains and the Christmas fun commences. As a result, at Christmas, you are not just killing a fish; by this time you are killing a beloved, often named pet.This is traumatizing.
In fact, our family stopped doing it after one of my stepsons got upset about it 12 or 13 years ago. Nowadays we have the fish killed when we buy it; or we just buy (already dead) salmon.
  • Strippers in random bars.I’ve written before of it. Here it is again, in brief. i don’t know if this still happens. My instincts say no, as the Czech Republic has gotten more conservative over the years. I don’t go out much any more and I don’t tend to stay out late when I do, so I don’t know.

    Anyway, there I was, drinking borovivička, a horrible drink concocted from fermented juniper berries — I couldn’t stop drinking it. Each shot was so unbelievably bad, that I had to have another, just to convince myself that my tastebuds were not imagining the foulness.

    It must have been about one o’clock in the morning. I was in a disco. Standing there, watching young people dance. This bar had a lot of young people. (Drinking age is 18.) There were a few older women and men, but mostly kids.

    Suddenly, a woman entered the dance floor and began dancing very, very energetically. She was a beautiful woman, with a casual, overpowering sexiness that was almost aggressive. Imagine my surprise when she started taking off her clothes! Soon enough, she was completely naked. The dance floor had cleared off. She was winding herself down the center pole, doing tricks.

    I still am not sure what that was about. But I saw the same thing happen a couple months later. Different bar. Different drink. Different town.

    Same woman. Same routine.
Related to this, around that time I learned a valuable lesson. Nightclub in Central Europe is not the same as a nightclub in an English speaking country. Come with money. Lots of it.
  • Unkempt public areas.
Before I came here, I talked to man who had recently travelled through the country. “It’s a bit disshevelled.” “It’s very poor.”
After 13 years of living here, I don’t think the Czech Republic is poor at all, not with the relative prices of things. Services, especially, are dirt cheap in the Czech Republic. And though electronics might take a bigger chunk out of one’s pay check than in the USA, most of the people here seem to be ok, taking holidays to the sea, going out all the time, driving new cars….I think of the Czech Republic as a relatively rich country, all things considered.
But I can see how someone would think that the country was poorer than it was. It’s because of the public areas. They tend to go longer without upkeep than they would in the States. Grass is unmown. Hedges untrimmed. Cigarette butts and litter linger on the sidewalks. Dirty pebbles from the winter are never really swept away. No one hastens to paint over graffiti, unless it’s in a very touristed area. On the sidewalks blades of grass grow between the cracks. The space between curb and road is often lined with weeds. Occasionally you see people working on these, but not often enough.
Now, it’s MUCH better than it was ten years ago when I first arrived in West Bohemia, Sokolov. Here in Moravia, where I have lived for the last twelve years, it’s much better.
Indeed, if I saw such public spaces in the USA I would immediately come to the conclusion that I had entered a very shady neighbourhood
But it’s not that way here.
In America, a shop keeper would sweep the front of his shop and rid it of litter every morning, ritualistically. Here, most people just don’t really care. In fact, this don’t-give-a-fuckery kind of extends its arms all through the culture.
Yet, you will never…or hardly ever…find a house with an overgrown lawn. The private gardens are immaculately kept and painstakingly plotted, manicured and exhibited. Bright flowers adorn most windows.
Back home in the Ozarks, where I grew up, some houses would be like that. And some would be run-down shitholes. With kids toys in the yard, unmown grass, dirty walls…
Depends on the individual, in America.
The lazy or unclean individuals don’t seem to exist here. Or they are very rare and they don’t live in houses.
No one cares if the lawn around the apartment buildings are overgrown. But your own lawn? That must be kept up.
This can really throw off a person’s perspective and is indeed the main reason I think that the Czech Republic still has the reputation of an Eastern European pisspot with people desperate to leave, violent gangs and grey everywhere. It’s not, though.
  • Unisex changing rooms at pools.
  • Not every swimming pool has this, but quite a fewtdo: one large locker room for patrons to change their clothes. Women, men, children. Everyone in the same room, getting naked and changing into swim suits. Everyone averts their eyes or keeps them on their own family or their own stuff. Completely normal. Totally un-sexual, too.

    This would be unimaginable in the states. (NOTE: the showers are separate.)

     Occasionally I see a topless woman at a public (outdoor) swimming pool, but not really that often. When I do, it is inevitably an extremely fit, slim woman, FWIW.
  • Finally, shelf toilets.
At first glance they may not look that bad. But they are.
A German invention, apparently, the shelf toilets are ubiquitous throuout Central Europe. You can imagine my horror the first time I used one of these monstrosities and faced the mound of shit that I had just left. Disgusting.
I won’t go into it too much. It is too traumatic.
Thankfully they aren’t everywhere. But the toilets at both my schools offer this so I have the lovely opportunity to inspect my leavings every day before I flush.
Eventually I got used to all these things. Indeed, some of the things were pleasant shocks.
I love life here. I think that in a lot of ways the quality of life is many times greater in Central Europe than most people in the USA or even Western Europe realize. It’s true I had more disposable income than I do here; but I didn’t have health care, and I am healthier, happier and feel less psychological pressure than I did in the States. It’s quite a pleasant place to live, really.
Except for, maybe, some of the toilets.

Written January 30

Wednesday, February 1, 2017

ASOIAF: What is the story of Daenerys' fertility?

 She was diagnosed as being unable to get pregnant again after what Mirri did to her in season 1, but in the books, with the berries and all, it’s conspicuous that she had a MISCARRIAGE. She’d been doing the glory with Hizdahr WTF? She can either can have a child or not.
If there is one thing I have learned from reading fantasy it is that prophecies never make any sense. Prophets are seemingly unable to just speak in plain old English. They have to be all cryptic. Even if they are about to be tied to a funeral pyre and lit on fire.
Mirri didn’t say Daenerys couldn’t get pregnant. That is just how Dany interpreted it. What Daenerys actually asks about, though, is when Drogo will return.
"When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east," said Mirri Maz Duur. "When the seas go dry and mountains blow in the wind like leaves. When your womb quickens again, and you bear a living child. Then he will return, and not before.
A Game of Thrones
Dany interprets this as meaning that he will never return and furthermore interprets it as meaning she will never have a baby.
Yet it seems she had a miscarriage.
So…here are your possibilities.
  • Mirri Maaz Duur was wrong. Or full of it.
  • Mirri Maaz Duur was lying.
  • Mirri Maaz Duur was not lying but something has intervened to lift the curse of barren-ness from Dany’s womb.
  • Mirri Maaz Duur was talking symbolically and the things she said have actually occurred. And Dany just misinterpreted her. A fundamental misunderstanding. Understandably, as Dany speaks High Valyrian and Common but does not speak Mumbo-Jumbo.

    Some possible interpretations of MMD’s words include:
    • The Sun rising in the West might refer to Quentyn Martell’s(sigil, Sun and Spear) arrival in Meereen(the East.)
    • When the Seas go dry,” could refer to the (dry) Dothraki sea of grass, which Dany has recently returned to when she has the apparent miscarriage.
    • When the mountains blow in the wind like leaves. This has been guessed to refer to the pyramids of Meereen being destroyed, probably by dragons.
But do we really think Drogo is going to be resurrected? No.
I believe she was talking symbolically and now these things, or most of them, have already occurred. The return of Drogo is also symbolic.
The return of Drogo (I believe) refers to Drogon the dragon, along with Dany herself , uniting the disparate tribes of the Dothraki into one mega-khalasar that will come with her to conquer Westeros.

Written December 15th, 2016

ASOIAF: Are there secret passages beneath the Wall?

There is a secret passageway under the Nightfort(secret because it’s been forgotten by everybody over the centuries) that is used by Sam, who delivers Gilly and her baby to the South side of the Wall, and takes Bran and his companions to the Northside, to deliver him into the hands of Coldhands, who guides them to the Three-Eyed Crow. (Bloodraven.)
It is covered by a weirwood door which has been carved into the shape of a gnarled old face. It appparently only lets true members of the Watch pass, if they recite an ancient version of their oath. The mouth opens wide.
art by Kerry Barnett
Whether there are other passageways under other castles at the wall or not, it is not recorded.
Except for the cave system of legend found by the Kings-Beyond-the-Wall, Gendel and Gorne, of course.
art by Pierre Etienne-Travers
In this legend, as told to Jon Snow by Ygritte, the two brethren co-kings led their entire people through a system of caverns under the Wall (a route known as Gorne’s Way). However, according to legend, when the Wildlings emerged from the cave mouth south of the Wall(the whereabouts of which is unknown) the King in the North was waiting for them and slew many of them and the rest fled back into the caves. Where they were lost. According to legend, their descendants, Gorne’s Children, still wander the caverns under the earth, searching for a way back to the surface. All of this happened three thousand years before the story.
This has led some to speculate that their may be a maze of caverrns all over Westeros, which would explain how the Children of the Forest at times emerged from caverns under the hills even as far south as the Riverlands and the Stormlands during the Andal invasion.
But they haven’t really been used in the series proper yet. But Gorne’s Way and the cavernous passages under Westeros may be yet another of Chekhov’s guns, hanging on the wall, just waiting to go off in the next books.